Sources

The items in this bibliography were used and consulted in the creation of much of the content on this website. This comprehensive collection of primary and secondary sources provides the foundation for understanding the historical context, events, and scholarly interpretations that inform our digital archive of anti-Chinese violence in the American West during the second half of the 19th century.

Primary Sources

"The Chinaman Lynched." The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA), Nov 14, 1861, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Lynched Chinaman." The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA), November 15, 1861. Accessed here. (view full article)

"3 Chinese Lynched, Soldiers Called." Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph (Pittsburgh, PA), May 25 1933, 17. Accessed here. (view full article)

"[Untitled]." The Greensboro Patriot (Greensboro, NC), May 13, 1874, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Bad Chinaman." Oklahoma Daily Times-Journal (Oklahoma City, OK), August 27 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Hung for Fun." The Anaconda Standard (Anaconda, MT), March 1 1891, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched by His Countrymen." Rutland Independent (Rutland, VT), January 4 1873, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched by Indians." Birmingham Daily Post (Birmingham, England), June 16 1891, 8. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." Fort Worth Daily Gazette (Fort Worth, TX), July 12 1887, 6. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO), January 9 1883, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." The Morning Democrat (Los Angeles, CA), May 17 1885, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." Wilkes-Barre Times Leader, the Evening News (Wilkes-Barre, PA), July 12 1887, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinese Commits Suicide." The San Francisco Call and Post (San Francisco, CA), December 19 1894, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinese Hanged." San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA), December 19 1894, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinese Malefactor Lynched at Corinne." San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, CA), April 15 1874, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinese Murderer Lynched by Californians Who Thought Imprisonment for Life Inadequate." Brooklyn Eagle (Brooklyn, NY), July 11 1887, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Half-Year's Crimes." Daily Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, AR), July 11 1883, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Mob Attacks a Chinaman." The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA), March 8 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Serious Riot Occurred at Denver." Tipton Times (Tipton, MO), November 3 1880, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Severe Warning to Chinese Miners Comes from an Idaho Mining Region." Lebanon Express (Lebanon, OR), July 1 1887, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Strangled Heathen." The Montana Post (Helena, MT), July 3 1886, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ad for Half Hose With Racist Slogan." Lincoln Journal Star (Lincoln, NE), September 1 1885, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ad: French Laundry, Anti-Chinese Laundry Pitch." Oakland Tribune (Oakland, CA), March 1 1888, 6. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ad: The Chinese Must Go." The Millbrook Herald (Millbrook, KS), September 27 1882, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ad: Wines, Liquors, and Chinese Must Go." The Daily Astorian (Astoria, OR), April 13 1881, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Adventures of an Effigy." Oakland Tribune (Oakland, CA), April 13 1882, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"An Inoffensive Chinaman Murdered by a Mob." The Princeton Union (Princeton, MN), June 3 1896, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Cheney Mob Lynches Chinese Man for Alleged Murder." The Paxton Record (Paxton, IL), January 11 1883, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"China Wants Damages." The Morning News (Wilmington, DE), September 24 1903, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Hanged Near Takoa." The Daily Astorian (Astoria, OR), March 6 1889, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched Near Weatherby." Sacramento Union (Sacramento, CA), October 4 1883, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." Beaver Valley Tribune (Beaver City, NE), July 24 1890, 7. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." Fall River Daily Evening News (Fall River, MA), July 10 1901, 6. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." Fort Wayne News and Sentinel (Fort Wayne, IN), January 8 1883, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." Sacramento Union (Sacramento, CA), October 4, 1883, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." St. Louis Republican (St. Louis, MO), April 15 1874, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." The Cuba Daylight (Cuba, KS), July 18 1890, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." The Daily Herald (Port Huron, MI), July 11 1901, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." Visalia Daily Times (Visalia, CA), July 10 1901, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese and Chinese-Americans Lynched in Washington and Idaho." The Times (Harbor Beach, MI), September 25 1885, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese as Scapegoats for Crime and Disease." Chicago Tribune (Chicago, IL), January 6 1878, 16. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Bandit Lynched." St.Joseph News-Press (St. Joseph, MO), October 13 1932, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Found Hanging in Mowry Station." The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, CA), December 19 1894, 7. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Jailed for Alleged Lynching." Honolulu Star-Advertiser (Honolulu, HI), July 27 1911, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Jailed for Alleged Lynching." Honolulu Star-Bulletin (Honolulu, HI), July 26 1911, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Lynched, Others Arrested in Idaho." Emmons County Record (Linton, ND), September 30 1885, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Lynching in Nevada." Reno Gazette-Journal (Reno, NV), September 20 1880, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Man Killed Near Pomona." Los Angeles Herald (Los Angeles, CA), July 2 1884, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Man Lynched in Silver Bow County." The Butte Daily Post (Butte, MT), February 20 1899, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Miners Murdered." Rutland Daily Herald (Rutland, VT), April 11 1882, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Murderer Lynched." The Boomer (Ryansville, KS), July 15 1887, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Murderers Lynched." The Altoona Tribune (Altoona, PA), June 11 1874, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Must Go." Knoxville Daily Chronicle (Knoxville, TN), February 8 1886, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Must Go: Idaho Miners Expel Chinese Laborers." Great Bend Beacon (Great Bend, KS), January 24 1895, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Trio Lynched for Killing Girl." The Daily Advocate (Greenville, OH), May 24 1933, 11. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Workers Killed in Wyoming Mine Explosion." The Kansas City Times (Kansas City, MO), March 14 1881, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Crazy Chinaman Lynched." Brooklyn Daily Times (Brooklyn, NY), July 10 1901, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Cuba Welcomes Chinese Laborers Amid Exclusion Elsewhere." The Autauga Citizen (Prattville, AL), February 13 1879, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Denver Riot Against Chinese." St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, MO), November 1 1880, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Explosion Kills Chinese Amid Racist Headline." Warrenton Banner (Warrenton, MO), April 4 1882, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Fire at Truckee." Spokane Falls Review (Spokane, WA), June 19 1886, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Five Celestials Lynched in Idaho." The Courier (Connellsville, PA), June 30 1885, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Five Celestials Lynched in Idaho." The Griggs Courier (Cooperstown, ND), October 2 1885, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Five Chinamen Lynched." Springfield News-Sun (Springfield, OH), September 23 1885, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Five Chinese Children Perish in Yreka Blaze." Santa Cruz Sentinel (Santa Cruz, CA), August 14 1886, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Four Blocks and Five Children Burned." The Evening Mail (Stockton, CA), August 12 1886, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Four Blocks and Five Children Burned." The Evening Mail (Stockton, CA), August 12 1886, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"General News." The Nortonville News (Nortonville, KS), October 9 1885, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Great Excitement at Jacksonville—Pursuit of the Robber Joaquin." New York Daily Herald (New York, NY), March 15 1853, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"He Wouldn't Go." Deadwood Pioneer-Times (Deadwood, SD), March 13 1881, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Highbinders' Law." The Hawaiian Gazette (Honolulu, HI), January 22 1889, 7. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Indian Massacre on Rogue River." Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, MD), November 13 1855, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"John Must Go." Kansas City Star (Kansas City, MO), March 8 1881, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ku-Kluxing in California." Yorkville Enquirer (Yorkville, SC), November 2 1871, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Later Particulars—Robbery as well as Murder—Brutal and Cowardly Atrocities." Chicago Tribune (Chicago, IL), November 7 1871, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lawlessness in Arkansas." Harrisburg Telegraph (Harrisburg, PA), May 16 1885, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynched a Chinaman." Ashland Weekly News (Ashland, WI), March 13 1889, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynched." Fort Scott Daily Monitor (Fort Scott, KS), April 15 1874, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynching at Diamondville." Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA), June 20 1857, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynching at Henderson." Anaconda Recorder and New Northwest (Anaconda, MT), November 4 1871, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"May Go Hard With Them." The Bremen Enquirer (Bremen, IN), September 21 1903, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Mob Kills Chinaman." The Bamberg Herald (Bamberg, SC), September 11 1913, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Mob Rule at Denver: Drunken Democrats' Doings." St. Albans Daily Messenger (St. Albans, VT), November 1 1880, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Nearly Lynched a Chinaman." Evening Star (Washington, DC), March 27 1890, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Nearly Lynched a Chinaman." The Tribune (Scranton, PA), August 2 1905, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"New York Charley Lynched by Chinese." Weekly Independent (Elko, NV), September 19 1880, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"No Chinese Miners Wanted." San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, CA), March 17 1884, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"One Chinaman Almost Lynched." Sacramento Union (Sacramento, CA), March 12 1889, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Protected by Law." The Evening Mail (Stockton, CA), August 18 1893, 8. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Racist Slogan Used in Advertisement." The Evening News (Emporia, KS), June 12 1882, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Reford on the Riots." San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA), August 13 1877, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Speedy Retribution." San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA), August 26 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chinese Massacre in Oregon." Lancaster New Era (Lancaster, PA), July 18 1887, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chinese Must Go Movement is Growing." Wood County Reporter (Grand Rapids, WI), September 24 1885, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chinese Must Go." Bismarck Weekly Tribune (Bismarck, ND), March 16 1888, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chinese Must Go." Santa Cruz Surf and Superior California Farmer (Santa Cruz, CA), May 16 1885, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Los Angeles Lynching—Wholesale Hanging of Chinese." Deseret News (Salt Lake City, UT), October 25 1871, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Los Angeles Tragedy." The Beatrice Weekly Express (Beatrice, NE), November 18 1871, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Pacific Coast Swept by Flames." The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, CA), August 12 1886, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Snake River Massacre Not Confirmed." Asheville Citizen-Times (Asheville, NC), July 9 1887, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Truckee Fire." The Evening Mail (Stockton, CA), June 19 1886, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Their Knees Knocked." The Pittsburgh Post (Pittsburgh, PA), March 9 1889, 9. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Trial of Crenshaw for Lynching Chinese." Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles, CA), February 18 1872, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Trial of Crenshaw for Lynching." Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles, CA), February 18 1872, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Twice Hanged a Chinaman." The Scranton Tribune (Scranton, ID), June 10 1902, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Two Chinamen Lynched at Happy Camp." Ottawa Daily Citizen (Ottawa, ON), June 5 1874, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Two Chinese Lynched at Yreka." The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA), December 10 1920, 22. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Two Chinese Murderers Lynched." Deseret News (Salt Lake City, UT), July 22 1874, 14. Accessed here. (view full article)

"U.S." Army Protects Chinese Miners Amid Tensions in Wyoming. Ness County News (Ness City, KS), September 19 1885, 6. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Untitled." Detroit Free Press (Detroit, MI), Nov 13, 1958, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Yellow Devils: The Milwaukee Chinese Brutes Held for Trial—Excited Citizens." Sacramento Union (Sacramento, CA), March 13 1889, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"'Chinese Must Go.' Kiowa News-Review and Kiowa Record (Kiowa, KS), September 6 1893, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"'Chinese Must Go.' Santa Fe Monitor (Santa Fe, KS), September 7 1893, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"'I Hung One Chinaman.' The Anaconda Standard (Anaconda, MT), November 19 1896, 10. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chicago View of Kearneyism." Sacramento Daily Union (Sacramento, CA), April 18 1878, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Hanged." Reno Gazette-Journal (Reno, Nevada), March 05, 1881. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Hung." The Evening Herald (Fall River, Massachusetts), March 07, 1881. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman in the Hemp." The Morning News (Savannah, GA), Jul 12 1887, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." Marysville Daily Appeal (Marysville, CA), Apr 15 1874, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California), September 27, 1883. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." The Macon Telegraph (Los Angeles, CA), July 11 1887, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." The New York Times (Los Angeles, CA), October 23 1877, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, PA), Jan 27, 1870, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Lynched." The Times Leader (Los Angeles, CA), October 23 1877, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman was Hanged." Harrisburg Telegraph (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania), March 07, 1881. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman was Lynched." The Democratic Advocate (Westminster, Maryland), September 29, 1883. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinaman Was Recently Hung for Theft." The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA), Oct 17, 1865, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinese Execution." San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California), July 14, 1885. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Chinese Outrage." Memphis Daily Appeal (Memphis, TN), Sep 18 1877, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Dead Chinaman." El Paso times (El Paso, Texas), August 20, 1884. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Fatal Mistake." San Jose Weekly Mercury (San Jose, CA), Apr 16 1887, 6. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Lesson to John Chinaman." Punch (London, UK), May 9 1857, 184. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Lynching of Years Gone By." Stockton Evening and Sunday Record (Stockton, CA), Feb 10, 1903, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Mob Attacks a Chinaman." The Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA), Mar 9 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Race War is On." Time Herald (Washington, District of Columbia), August 08, 1904. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Serious Riot Occurred at Denver." The Tipton Times (Tipton, Missouri), November 03, 1880. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Serious Riot." The Tipton Times (Tipton, Missouri), November 03, 1880. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Strangled Heathen." Butte Semi-Weekly Miner (Butte, MT), Jul 3 1886, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Stupid Chinaman." Morning Appeal (Carson City, NV), Sep 19 1880, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"A Truckee Telegram." Sentinel (Red Bluff, CA), Jun 24 1876, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ad: No Chinese Need Apply." Santa Cruz Surf (Santa Cruz, CA), Apr 13 1886, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ah Yo, a Chinaman, Thrown Into the River and Shot." The Vicksburg Post (Vicksburg, Mississippi), May 14, 1885. Accessed here. (view full article)

"An Outrage." San Jose Weekly Mercury (San Jose, CA), Jul 11 1887, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Banker's Slayers Made Their Escape." The Vicksburg Post (Vicksburg, MS), October 12 1915, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Butte Excited." Great Falls Tribune (Great Falls, MT), Dec 15 1888, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"California Communism." Daily Alta California (San Francisco, CA), April 20 1878, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Caucasian League Murders Chinaman." Sentinel (Red Bluff, CA), June 24 1876, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Fears Lynching." The Delta Independent (Delta, CO), Jul 24 1888, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Is Pursued." The Morning Standard (Ogden, UT), Oct 23 1910, 10. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched or Driven Out of Town." Sacramento Daily Union (Sacramento, CA), October 11 1853, 6. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." Daily Evening Herald (Stockton, CA), Nov 28, 1866, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." The North Bend Argus (Los Angeles, CA), July 17 1890, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Lynched." The Topeka State Journal (Los Angeles, CA), July 10 1901, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinaman Saved from a Mob." The Evening Bulletin (Maysville, KY), May 4 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Cook Lynched." Evening Star (Butte, MT), July 10 1901, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Cook Lynched." Waterbury Democrat (Waterbury, CT), Jul 10 1901, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Delegation Retrieves Body of Murdered Countryman." Los Angeles Herald (Los Angeles, California), July 02, 1884. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Eject a Dying Man from a Joing." The Salt Lake Herald (Salt Lake City, UT), Sep 15 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Filth." San Francisco Call (San Francisco, CA), May 4 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Filth." The Morning Call (San Francisco, CA), May 4 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Lynched." The Inter Ocean (Idaho), September 23 1885, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Chinese Murderer Lynched." The Idaho Statesman (Boise, ID), January 11 1883, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Down with the Chinese!" The Great Falls Leader (Great Falls, MT), Mar 10 1889, 1. Accessed here. (view) (view full article)

"Five Chinese Murderers Lynched." The Boston Globe (Idaho), September 23 1885, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Hong Di Dead." Stockton Mail (Stockton, CA), Jul 11 1887, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Indemnity for Chinese." Morris Tribune (Morris, MN), Jun 9 1886, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Irate Citizens." San Saba County News (San Saba, TX), Jul 21 1893, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Items of Interest." Napa County Recorder (Napa, California), March 18, 1881. Accessed here. (view full article)

"John Must Go." The Kansas City Star (Kansas City, Missouri), March 8, 1881. Accessed here. (view full article)

"John, Taken Individually." Chicago Tribune (Chicago, IL), Jan 6, 1878, 16. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Judge Knowles' Response." The Anaconda Standard (Anaconda, MT), Nov 2, 1904, 10. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Killed by a Mob." The Princeton Union (Princeton, MN), Jun 4 1896, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Laborers Attempt to Lynch Chinese Cook." The San Francisco Call (San Francisco, CA), Jun 14 1910, 16. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynch Law." The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California), July 01, 1884. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynched." Sacramento Daily Union (Sacramento, CA), Oct 11 1853, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynched." The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, California), September 27, 1883. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynching a Chinaman." Los Angeles Herald (Los Angeles, CA), January 9 1883, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynching at Henderson." The Anaconda Recorder and New Northwest (Anaconda, MT), Nov 4, 1871, 3. Accessed here. (view) (view full article)

"Lynching in Mississippi." The Watchman and Southron (Sumter, SC), Oct 13 1915, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Lynching is Feared." St. Paul Daily Globe (Saint Paul, MN), Dec 11 1888, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"May Lynch Chinaman." Watertown Republican (Watertown, WI), Jun 15 1904, 6. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Mob Kills Chinaman." The Bamberg Herald (Bamberg, SC), Sep 11 1913, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Mob Tried to Lynch a Chinaman." The Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, OK), Sep 5 1900, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"More Murders and Robberies." The Nevada Journal (Nevada City, California), March 04, 1853. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Negro and Chinaman Lynched." The Oregon Daily Journal (Portland, OR), October 11 1915, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Negroes Lynch Chinaman." The Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts), August 06, 1904. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Outrage in Montana." The Ogden Junction (Ogden, UT), Aug 2, 1873, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Problems that Perplex." Omaha Daily Bee (Omaha, NE), Feb 23 1907, 10. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Reign of Riot." San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, CA), Jul 26, 1877, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Results in Death." The Morning Astorian (Astoria, OR), Nov 2 1907, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Rough Justice." The Herald (Glasgow ed.) (Glasgow, Scotland), Dec 5, 1871, 5. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Ruffianism Rampant." Placer Argus (Auburn, CA), September 15 1877, 4. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chico Chinese Massacre." Sacramento Daily Union (Sacramento, CA), March 19 1877, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chinaman Lynched." The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA), Nov 14, 1861, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chinaman Was Hung in Henderson Gulch." The Bozeman Courier (Bozeman, MT), Nov 9, 1871, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Chinese Must Go." Santa Cruz Surf (Santa Cruz, CA), May 16 1885, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Hoodlum Outbreak." The San Francisco Examiner (San Francisco, CA), Jul 25, 1877, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Low Price of Life." Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, VA), January 9 1904, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Mistake of a Mob." Pittsburg Dispatch (Pittsburg, PA), Mar 27 1889, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"The Truckee Outrage." Sacramento Daily Union (Sacramento, CA), August 15 1876, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Trial of Crenshaw for Lynching." Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles, CA), Feb 18 1872, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Twice Hanged a Chinaman." The Scranton Tribune (Scranton, PA), Jun 11 1902, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Two Chinamen Arrested on Suspicion of Murder." Richland Beacon (Rayville, LA), Sep 22 1877, 2. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Unceremonious… Chinese Murderer Lynched in California." Wichita Eagle (Wichita, KS), Jul 12 1887, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Wanted to Lynch Chinaman." The Bamberg Herald (Bamberg, SC), Oct 12 1911, 3. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Wanted to Lynch Sun Wah." Arizona Republican (Phoenix, AZ), Jul 26 1900, 8. Accessed here. (view full article)

"Worse than Africa." The Pittsburg Dispatch (Pittsburg, PA), Aug 4 1891, 1. Accessed here. (view full article)

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